ABSTRACT
Soluble growth stimulating express gene 2(sST2)is a member of Toll/IL-1 receptor superfamily.sST2 plays an important role in the occurrence and development of respiratory diseases in children.Under normal circumstances, the concentration of sST2 in serum is very low, but the level of sST2 in serum of children with respiratory diseases such as bronchial asthma and community-acquired pneumonia increased significantly.sST2 blocks the IL-33 signaling pathway in airway inflammation, so serum sST2 levels can predict the severity of childhood asthma.sST2 can also be used as a prognostic marker of community-acquired pneumonia.This paper reviews the mechanism, clinical characteristics and prognosis of sST2 in children with asthma and community-acquired pneumonia, so as to lay a foundation for guiding clinical identification and treatment of respiratory diseases in children.
ABSTRACT
Basophils have been neglected for a long time as an immune cell.Recently, it gained respect because of its important role in helper T lymphocytes(Th)2 immune response.Basophils are involved in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma through a variety of possible mechanisms.Basophils can act as initiators initiate and establish Th2 immune response by interacting with dendritic cells; basophils can act as immune regulators, regulate immune cell functions such as type 2 innate lymphoid cells by secreting cytokines such as interleukin 4 to consolidate allergic inflammation; basophils can also act as immune effectors participate in allergic airway inflammation through IgE-depended and non IgE-depended activation.In addition, clinical research is focused on the usage of basophil activation status as possible biomarker in predicting the outcome of allergic disease therapy, which is of great clinic value in individualized management of asthma.
ABSTRACT
There is a close relationship between atopy and respiratory infections.Respiratory infections are regarded as one of the most important factors during allergic diseases development from atopy.Children with atopic diseases are not only predisposition to respiratory infections, but also display server symptom and long-lasting course during respiratory infections.Defection in innate immunity characterized by compromised epithelial barrier and low interferon response to virus infection and dysregulation of adaptive immunity characterized by predominant T-helper (Th)2 immune response are the potential causes.Children with a topic diseases such as asthma usually have abnormal microbe colonization or latent infection.Those factors maybe response for predisposition to respiratory infections in atopic children.On the other hand, children with atopic diseases are usually invoked with both infective inflammation and allergic inflammation during respiratory infections.Therefore, antiallergic inflammation therapy should be emphasized in the treatment of respiratory tract infections in atopic children.
ABSTRACT
There is a close relationship between atopy and respiratory infections.Respiratory infections are regarded as one of the most important factors during allergic diseases development from atopy.Children with atopic diseases are not only predisposition to respiratory infections,but also display server symptom and long-lasting course during respiratory infections.Defection in innate immunity characterized by compromised epithelial barrier and low interferon response to virus infection and dysregulation of adaptive immunity characterized by predominant T-helper (Th) 2 immune response are the potential causes.Children with a topic diseases such as asthma usually have abnormal microbe colonization or latent infection.Those factors maybe response for predisposition to respiratory infections in atopic children.On the other hand,children with atopic diseases are usually invoked with both infective inflammation and allergic inflammation during respiratory infections.Therefore,antiallergic inflammation therapy should be emphasized in the treatment of respiratory tract infections in atopic children.
ABSTRACT
One case of schistosomiasis got drug fever after taking praziquantel.